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The article presents current data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and criteria for its deficiency in children in different countries. Vitamin D is recognized as one of the most important vitamins involved in many biochemical processes in the body. Its active metabolites play a key role in calcium absorption, bone mineralization and promote phosphate and magnesium metabolism. At the same time, in addition to affecting mineral metabolism, there is a wide range of conditions in which vitamin D also plays a preventive role. Vitamin D has been shown to play a vital role in innate immunity maintenance and is important in prevention of several diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases, certain forms of cancer, type 1 and 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D is of particular importance for newborns and young children. This vitamin is involved in important physiological regulatory processes such as bone metabolism, lung development, maturation of the immune system and differentiation of the nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency increases risks of neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium during childhood can reduce the risk of osteoporosis and other diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has shown to be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 propensity. It has been established that to date most scientific pediatric societies have recognized the need to prevent vitamin D deficiency in healthy children of all ages, but data on the dosage of vitamin D in its prophylactic use differ. Most scientific societies recommend an average of 400-600 IU per day of vitamin D for prophylactic purposes. The analysis of published data shows the need to follow a strategy based on an individual approach, taking into account physiological characteristics, individual requirements and lifestyle.Copyright © 2021 University of Tartu Press. All rights reserved.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains a major public health problem, especially in younger children and the elderly. But several monoclonal antibodies, antivirals and vaccines, either recently launched or in development, offer new hope for RSV prevention and treatment.Copyright © 2023 Wiley Interface Ltd.
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Introduction: Gastrointestinal tract involvement from herpes simplex virus is commonly associated with esophagitis. However, herpes simplex infection of the stomach is very rare with only a handful of cases being reported in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of herpes gastritis causing gastric outlet obstruction in an otherwise healthy, immunocompetent individual. Case Description/Methods: A 37-year-old male with a recent past medical history of COVID-19 infection, presented to the hospital with intractable nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety for two days. Upon evaluation, CBC and CMP were remarkable for a WBC of 12.5 k/mm3 and ALT and AST of 124 U/L and 129 U/L, respectively. Lipase was 373 U/L. A CT abdomen/pelvis w/contrast showed circumferential wall thickening with edematous changes in the antrum consistent with localized inflammatory response. There was suspicion for gastric lymphoma and patient was admitted for further workup. An EGD was performed which showed exudative esophagitis and antral wall edema with luminal narrowing of gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a 2.5 x 3 cm antral wall lesion worrisome for linitis plastica. Esophageal biopsies showed focal cytologic changes consistent with herpes esophagitis. The FNA of the gastric antral wall showed multinucleation of the basal cell layer with classic ground glass nuclei, consistent with herpes infection. No dysplasia or malignancy was seen. Both HSV1 and HSV2 IgG were elevated. HSV IgM was normal. A HSV PCR was ordered but never resulted. Patient was started on Valacyclovir 1 g PO BID for 10 days. He underwent a follow-up EGD 3 months later which showed complete resolution of the gastric antral changes (Figure). Discussion(s): Herpes gastritis is extremely rare. Literature review has revealed only 3 case reports of herpes gastritis;and all involved immunocompromised patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of herpes gastritis in an immunocompetent patient. Our patient presented with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction which was caused by local inflammation from herpes simplex. It is unclear if having a COVID 19 infection altered patient's immunity and lead to herpes gastritis. This may need further investigation. No established guideline exists for treatment duration. Our patient received 10-day course of Valacyclovir, and his symptoms improved. Furthermore, patient had complete resolution of the herpes infection on follow-up EGD, indicating adequate treatment response.
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Introduction: Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus. It is a rare condition with an annual incidence of 0.5-1.2 per 100,000 individuals. The etiology of primary achalasia is unknown, however secondary achalasia can be attributed to malignancy, infections or systemic diseases such as amyloidosis. An infrequent complication of achalasia is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which has a prevalence of 26 in every 1,000 cases. We present a case of interval locoregionally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma only 2 years after a normal upper endoscopy. Case Description/Methods: A 67-year-old female with known achalasia and previous pneumatic dilation in her 30s presented to our outpatient clinic in 2019 with complaints of worsening chronic dysphagia. EGD was performed which revealed a significantly dilated esophagus with candida esophagitis. Despite completing antifungal therapy, she continued to experience dysphagia to solids and liquids. Barium swallow demonstrated absent peristalsis with pooling of contrast within the esophagus. High-Resolution Manometry testing demonstrated absent peristalsis. She opted for surgical myotomy, however due to COVID restrictions, the procedure was delayed. Repeat EGD was performed in 2022 for pre-surgical evaluation and showed a large obstructing friable esophageal mass in the lower third of the esophagus. Pathology was consistent with invasive poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. PET scan showed locoregional disease with FDG-avid esophageal and gastrohepatic node lesions. She was started on chemoradiation with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin (Figure). Discussion(s): The risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in achalasia has significantly increased with incidence of approximately 1 in 300 patients. The presumed mechanism of malignancy in achalasia is poor emptying resulting in food stasis, bacterial overgrowth and inflammation leading to dysplasia and development of carcinoma. Given the relatively low incidence, there are currently no guidelines on routine endoscopic screening to assess for malignancy in patients with achalasia. Survival rates are poor as patients are often diagnosed at advanced stages. This case aims to illustrate the importance and need for interval screening in individuals with long standing achalasia to improve outcomes.
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Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare heterogeneous disorder. Defects in the development of the ectoderm cause symptoms in tissues derived from the ectoderm layer such as skin, nails and hair. One of the genes involved in ED is Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kappaB) that mutation in this gene causes immunodeficiency. There are also some ED subgroups such as X-Link Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (XLHED) at risk of severe pneumonia and respiratory infections. The patients with ED due to the susceptibility of the immune system defect as well as the respiratory system, we hypothesized that these patients are sensitive to COVID -19. So the main organ involved in the respiratory system and the main cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19 is the respiratory system involvement. Therefore, they are at higher risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19 that requires further clinical care.Copyright © 2022, Health Biotechnology and Biopharma.
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Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare congenital diffuse lung disorder, with a fatal course during the neonatal period. We describe an 18-month-old boy who presented with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia and pulmonary hypertensive crisis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Exome sequencing revealed a FOXF1 frameshift variant, NM_001451.2:c.995_998delACTC, inherited from his asymptomatic mother. Genetic findings were compatible with histopathology findings from a lung biopsy. Based on the disease course, histopathology, and outcomes of this case, we believe ACDMPV should be considered a possibility in an infant presenting with hypoxemic respiratory failure, resistant pulmonary hypertension, and vasodilator-induced pulmonary edema. Genetic testing can contribute to the diagnostic process.
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Advances in neonatal medicine have progressively increased the survival of premature infants. Increased survival has however come at the cost of increased number of infants with prematurity-related complications. This is represented by high rates of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), cerebral palsy, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and visual and hearing problems in survivors. In addition to prolonged hospital stay after birth, readmission to hospital in the first year of life is common if chronic lung disease exists. Around 3% of newborns have a congenital physical anomaly with 60% of congenital anomalies affecting the brain or heart and around 1% having multiple anomalies. Individual congenital conditions requiring surgical intervention in the neonatal period are rare. Neonates have a higher perioperative mortality risk largely due to the degree of prior illness, the complexity of their surgeries, and infant physiology. The maintenance of oxygenation and perfusion in the perioperative phase is critical as both affect cerebral perfusion and neurocognitive outcome but the triggers for intervention and the thresholds of physiological parameters during neonatal anaesthesia are not well described. After even minor surgical procedures, ex-premature infants are at higher risk for postoperative complications than infants born at term.Copyright © 2022
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted utilization of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) healthcare, with a large reduction in scheduled procedures in the early phase of the pandemic, as shown in our previous study1. In this current nationwide study, we aimed to determine the impact of consecutive COVID-19 waves on IBD healthcare utilization including IBD-related diagnoses and procedures during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): We conducted a search in the Dutch nationwide pathology databank (PALGA) to identify IBD patients who underwent an IBDrelated procedure between March 1, 2018 and February 28, 2022. We determined the incidence of IBD-related endoscopic and surgical procedures, new IBD diagnoses and neoplasia diagnoses (indefinite (IND), low-grade (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and colorectal cancer (CRC)) during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands (March 2020 - February 2022). The mean incidence of the previous two years (March 2018 - February 2020) served as a comparator. Result(s): Our search yielded 89,401 (94.2%) endoscopic and 5,462 (5.8%) surgical procedures. We calculated a net reduction of 2.9% (1,391 IBD procedures) after the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the two pre-pandemic years (endoscopic procedures: -3.1%, n=1,409;surgical procedures: +0.7%, n=18, figure 1). For both endoscopic and surgical procedures, an initial net decrease after the first pandemic year was followed by a net increase after the second year (-6.2% (n=1,413) versus +0.02% (n=4) and -1.3% (n=18) versus +2.7% (n=36), respectively). A net reduction of 0.9% (n=54) in new IBD diagnoses was observed over the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (first year: -0.8%, n=24;second year: -1.0%, n=30). A net reduction of 1.9% (n=74) in IND/LGD diagnoses was observed after the two-year pandemic period (first year: -10.9%, n=213: Second year: +7.1%, n=139). No net decrease was seen for HGD and CRC diagnoses. Conclusion(s): In this nationwide cohort study covering the first two pandemic years, we observed a mitigation of the initial reduction of IBDrelated procedures after the first COVID-19 wave. This illustrates the rapid adaptation of the national IBD healthcare system during subsequent COVID-19 peaks.
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This narative challenges readers to discuss a diagnosis of a suspicious lesion during a telemedicine consultation in the era of COVID-19.
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Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disease that is associated with the involvement of organs with embryonic ectodermal structure such as teeth, nails, hair and sweat glands, lacrimal and salivary glands. The prevalence rate of this disease is 1 in every 100,000 people. The most common and severe form of ectodermal dysplasia is the X-linked hypo hidrotic type. The second common type of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is autosomal dominant, unlike the first type, sweat glands are not involved. Small and fragile nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and feet, dry mouth, decreased tear production are some of the clinical symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia, which are the result of intolerance to heat. The facial features of the patient include a prominent forehead, sunken nose bridge, protruding ears, prominent lips, hypoplasia of the middle part of the face, and skin pigment around the eyes and mouth. Dental involvement is one of the most prominent features of ectodermal dysplasia, which can be seen in both primary and permanent tooth systems. Reduction in the number of teeth, delay in tooth growth, abnormal shape of anterior teeth in peg-shaped or conical form, smaller size of posterior teeth and enamel defects are observed. Alveolar ridge hypoplasia is also common due to the lack of teeth, followed by a decrease in the vertical height of the occlusion. A child with ectodermal dysplasia faces many problems in feeding, chewing, and speaking. Early treatment with dental prostheses can significantly reduce these problems.Copyright © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVES: To describe the status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with inactivated vaccines BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac in Chinese children aged 3-7 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and explore factors influencing vaccination and reasons for nonvaccination. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involving parents of 397 BPD children aged 3-7 years was conducted through WeChat or follow-up telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire form. Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination were explored by using modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The overall COVID-19 vaccination rate was 69.0% (95% confidence interval: 64.3%-73.4%). COVID-19 vaccination was less likely to be accepted in children whose mothers had a relatively high educational background (university and above), who lived in urban areas and had a low birth weight (<1 kg), a history of hospitalization for lung diseases in the past 12 months, and intellectual disability. Conversely, kindergarten students and children from families with an annual income of >300,000 CNY ( ≈ $\approx $ 41,400 USD) were more likely to accept vaccination. Adverse reactions occurred in 13/274 children (4.7%) within 10 days after vaccination. With respect to reasons of not accepting COVID-19 vaccination, 95 parents (77.2%) worried about the adverse reactions, and 17 parents (13.8%) refused vaccination on the excuse of not being convenient to go to the vaccination station or not knowing where to get the vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 vaccination rate in BPD children aged 3-7 years needs to be further improved in China. Continuous efforts are required to monitor postvaccination adverse reactions in BPD children, and make vaccination more convenient and accessible.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , East Asian People , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Vaccination , Child , Humans , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , East Asian People/psychology , Vaccination/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Child, Preschool , Parents/psychology , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypoperfusion is common in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) and causes adult pulmonary dysplasia. Systematic reviews have shown that some children with CHDs or PH have mitigated clinical outcomes with COVID-19. Understanding the effects of pulmonary hypoperfusion on postnatal alveolar development may aid in the development of methods to improve the pulmonary function of children with CHDs or PH and improve their care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is characterized by cytokine storm and persistent inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We created a neonatal pulmonary hypoperfusion model through pulmonary artery banding (PAB) surgery at postnatal day 1 (P1). Alveolar dysplasia was confirmed by gross and histological examination at P21. Transcriptomic analysis of pulmonary tissues at P7(alveolar stage 2) and P14(alveolar stage 4) revealed that the postnatal alveolar development track had been changed due to pulmonary hypoperfusion. Under the condition of pulmonary hypoperfusion, the cell-cell communication and axon guidance, which both determine the final number of alveoli, were lost; instead, there was hyperactive cell cycle activity. The transcriptomic results were further confirmed by the examination of axon guidance and cell cycle markers. Because axon guidance controls inflammation and immune cell activation, the loss of axon guidance may explain the lack of severe COVID-19 cases among children with CHDs or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that promoting cell-cell communication or supplementation with guidance molecules may treat pulmonary hypoperfusion-induced alveolar dysplasia, and that COVID-19 is less likely to cause a cytokine storm in children with CHD or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Child , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Axon Guidance , Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism , Cytokine Release Syndrome/pathology , Pandemics , COVID-19/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Cell CommunicationABSTRACT
Aims: Cholecystectomy is one of The most frequently performed operations in The United Kingdom. Following The spread of COVID19 infection, reduced operational capacity has led to lengthen The waiting time for cholecystectomy, which leads to significant readmission rate, growing financial burden and increased complexity of The surgical intervention. Our study aims to identify changes in gallbladder (GB) histopathological findings before and during COVID19 pandemic. Method(s): Data was collected retrospectively on 337 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 01/2019-12/2019 (pre-COVID19) and 296 patients between 09/2020-10/2021 (during COVID19) at Princess Alexandra Hospital, including preoperative clinical-radiological, Surgery waiting time, operation details, postoperative histology and complications. Statistical analysis performed using chi-square tests (p-value<0.001). Result(s): A total of 2 (0.6%) female cases (average age 75.6) had gallbladder dysplasia (GD) and 1 of them had GB adenocarcinoma found pre-COVID19 versus 8 (2.7%) (7F:1M, average age 46.6) with GD and 5 (1.7%) (3F:2M, average age 72.6) with adenocarcinoma during pandemic. Other histopathological findings were 153 (45.4%) GB with chronic inflammation, 2 (0.5%) with necrosis or perforation pre-COVID19 versus 127 (42.9%) and 6 (2%) respectively during pandemic. The average Surgery waiting time for patients with GD or adenocarcinoma was 135 days before COVID19 versus 224.21 (33-676) during pandemic. Conclusion(s): GD is associated with increased Cancer risk at GB and other biliary tract sites. Our data demonstrated a statistically significant increase of incidence of GD and adenocarcinoma (p-value<0.00089) in patients who underwent cholecystectomy during pandemic versus pre-COVID19. Further ongoing study is recommended to understand The correlation with prolonged Surgery waiting time.
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Background: This article describes how a simple slide scanner with remote viewing software enabled a remote "nomadic" pathologist to continue his role as specialist lead for a regional gastrointestinal multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM) after relocating to another site in the 5 hospital Southwest UK Peninsula cancer network just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The author used digital pathology (DP) to supplement a conventional workflow as a way of minimising delay in reporting and reviewing slides for a regional specialist Oesophagogastric MDTM (the OGSMDT). The specialist centre at University Hospital Plymouth (UHP) is 58 miles from the author's new workplace at Royal Cornwall Hospital (RCHT). Slides from the 44 cases (10% of this specialist annual workload) in this validation study were reported or reviewed digitally using the slide scanner. All were listed for the OGSMDT due to being clinically suspicious for upper gastrointestinal malignancy, having been processed at UHP, or one of the other hospitals in the cancer network. Results: The scanner allowed the author who was only on site at UHP 1 day per week to prevent delays in reporting/reviewing glass slides, using remote DP. Confidence in digital diagnosis was assessed using the Royal College of Pathologists recommendations. The author was the primary pathologist signing out 31, and second opinion for the remaining 13 cases. These comprised a mixture of biopsies as well as endoscopic and surgical excision specimens. The DP system enabled the author to report the cases digitally with an equivalent degree of confidence to glass slides and no significant discrepancies were identified between the author's digital and final glass slide diagnosis. Conclusions: The scanner was found to be safe and effective for remote reporting and review for OGSMDT cases. It was recognised that DP was advantageous to enable this role to continue remotely but that a fully integrated digital reporting system capable of high-capacity scanning would be preferable to the simple system used.
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Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare heterogeneous disorder. Defects in the development of the ectoderm cause symptoms in tissues derived from the ectoderm layer such as skin, nails and hair. One of the genes involved in ED is Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) that mutation in this gene causes immunodeficiency. There are also some ED subgroups such as X-Link Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (XLHED) at risk of severe pneumonia and respiratory infections. The patients with ED due to the susceptibility of the immune system defect as well as the respiratory system, we hypothesized that these patients are sensitive to COVID -19. So the main organ involved in the respiratory system and the main cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19 is the respiratory system involvement. Therefore, they are at higher risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19 that requires further clinical care. © 2022, Health Biotechnology and Biopharma.
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Introduction: Pandemic restrictions delayed endoscopic Barrett's surveillance programmes with a risk of late or missed dysplasia and cancer diagnoses. We established a new Cytosponge service and surveillance pathway to address this risk and aid triage of patients to timely gastroscopy alongside gastroscopic assessment for higher risk patients. Aims & Methods: East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust covers a population of 600,000 people. We have 700 patients on our Barrett's surveillance database.All patients due or overdue surveillance from November 2020 to January 2022 were offered Cytosponge instead of gastroscopy unless contraindicated, or previous history of Dysplasia or oesophageal cancer. Contraindications included strictures, varices and fundoplication - as such, patients with these conditions, as well as those declining or failing Cytosponge, were offered gastroscopy.TFF3 was used as a biomarker for intestinal metaplasia (IM). P53 positivity and atypia were biomarkers for potential dysplasia.33 patients were also included in the DELTA study. Result(s): 230 patients were included in the study.152 patients successfully swallowed Cytosponge with adequate cytology. 78 patients had gastroscopy as a primary surveillance method. Of the Cytosponge group, 115/152 (76%) patients had positive biomarkers - 97(64%) were solely TFF3 positive (suggesting non dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus). 18 (12%) had atypia and/or p53 positive (suggesting dysplasia). 37 (24%) were TFF3 negative and are described elsewhere. Confirmed dysplasia at endoscopy was found in 8/18 patients with atypia/p53 positivity on Cytosponge. 2 patients were found to have evidence of high grade dysplasia, 5 has evidence of low grade dysplasia, and one sample was 1indefinite for dysplasia.5% overall confirmed dysplasia. Of the gastroscopy group, 8/78 (10%) were found to have dysplasia, 2 patients had high grade dysplasia, 2 had low grade displasia and 4 were indefinite for dysplasia. In total, 16/230 (7%) had histologically confirmed dysplasia during the pandemic. Conclusion(s): We were able to prevent delayed Barrett's surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic using Cytosponge in most patients and reduce unnecessary gastroscopy. Using a combination of Cytosponge in low risk and gastroscopy in higher risk patients for Barrett's surveillance during the pandemic allowed identification of dysplasia.Further stratification of risk using Barrett's length, Male sex and age have been identified from the recently reported DELTA study which may further improve dysplasia detection by identifying those in the Cytosponge group who need more frequent surveillance. Comparison with non-pandemic years going forward will also be important to evaluate this strategy.
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The proceedings contain 85 papers. The topics discussed include: T2-high asthma across all ages - comparative analysis in children and adults from the ALLIANCE cohort;targeting IL-6 to prevent vascular and bronchial remodeling in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia;diagnostic testing in people with primary ciliary dyskinesia around the world: where do we stand?;effects of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in children with cystic fibrosis: a comprehensive assessment using spirometry, lung-clearance-index, functional and structural lung MRI;cough phenotypes in children: findings from the Swiss Pediatric Airway Cohort;pleuropneumonia caused byNocardia cyriacigeorgica in a 14-year-old girl with PCD;in severe juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of a 10-year-old, systemic bevacizumab is highly effective and well tolerated;and impact of COVID-19 related alterations in circulating respiratory viruses on children and adult patients with recurrent wheeze and asthma.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions on ultrasound (US) screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in a children's hospital. METHODS: The records of US screening of DDH were retrospectively evaluated in the pandemic period (April 2020 to July 2021) and the pre-pandemic period (January 2019 to February 2020). The monthly US number, sex, radiologist number, and age at the initial examination were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 6107 US scans were performed during the pre-pandemic period, which significantly decreased to 3340 during the pandemic. The number of monthly US scans performed did not change between the pre-pandemic (142.7/month) and pandemic (128.2/month) periods. The number of delayed examinations in the total population did not significantly change between the two periods. However, the number of delayed examinations in patients with abnormal hips was significantly increased during the pandemic compared with that in the pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions decreased the US screening rate of DDH by almost half, but the number of US scans performed by each radiologist was unchanged. The compliance with follow-up recommendations was reduced by half, which may lead to an increase in the incidence of delayed and untreated DDH cases.